Buckle folds are extremely common. They form when layers are compressed along
their length. These structures have been studied for many years. You can even
make your own - by squeezing plasticene layers in a vice or between your hands.
To follow the mechanics of buckle folds - start here.
This sequence looks are simple buckles of single layers. But rocks contain
many layers and these can interact. To see these effects, including how parasitic
folds may form, click here. However, if layering
is very intense, folds develop with highly angular hinges - kinks. You can
see this by clicking here. Alternatively you can return
to the mechanics front page.